Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: The Neuroprotective Effects of Exosomes Derived from TSG101-Overexpressing Human Neural Stem Cells in a Stroke Model

doi: 10.3390/ijms23179532

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes in N2A cells subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). ( A ) Neuroprotective effects of exosomes under 3 h OGD exposure in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay; ( B – F ) real-time PCR analysis of mRNA of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ( B ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α ( C ), interleukin (IL)-6 ( D ), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ( E ), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) ( F ) normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); ( G , H ) Western blot analysis of sirutin 1 (SIRT1), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and forkhead box O-3 (FOXO3) showing representative bands ( G ) and band densities normalized to actin ( H ). Densitometric analysis of the Western blot was performed using ImageJ. n = 3 per treatment group. * Significantly different from normal control ( p < 0.05). # Significantly different from vehicle control ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: LDH content was determined using a commercial nonradioactive LDH assay kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA); this method is based on a coupled enzymatic reaction that converts a tetrazolium salt into a red formazan product.

Techniques: Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Histone Deacetylase Assay